Levelone GTL-2690 User Manual Page 319
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IP Routing
19-2
19
Each VLAN represents a virtual interface to Layer 3. You just need to provide the
network address for each virtual interface, and the traffic between different
subnetworks will be routed by Layer 3 switching.
IP Switching
IP Switching (or packet forwarding) encompasses tasks required to forward packets
for both Layer 2 and Layer 3, as well as traditional routing. These functions include:
• Layer 2 forwarding (switching) based on the Layer 2 destination MAC address
• Layer 3 forwarding (routing):
- Based on the Layer 3 destination address
- Replacing destination/source MAC addresses for each hop
- Incrementing the hop count
- Decrementing the time-to-live
- Verifying and recalculating the Layer 3 checksum
If the destination node is on the same subnetwork as the source network, then the
packet can be transmitted directly without the help of a router. However, if the MAC
address is not yet known to the switch, an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
packet with the destination IP address is broadcast to get the destination MAC
address from the destination node. The IP packet can then be sent directly with the
destination MAC address.
If the destination belongs to a different subnet on this switch, the packet can be
routed directly to the destination node. However, if the packet belongs to a subnet
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
Inter-subnet traffic (Layer 3 switching)
Routing
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Intra-subnet traffic (Layer 2 switching)
- LevelOne 1
- ANAGEMENT 3
- About This Guide 5
- Contents 7
- Section I: Getting Started 33
- Getting Started 34
- Chapter 1: Introduction 35
- Introduction 36
- System Defaults 41
- Connecting to the Switch 45
- Required Connections 46
- Stack Operations 47
- Selecting the Backup Unit 48
- Basic Configuration 50
- Setting Passwords 51
- Setting an IP Address 51
- Initial Configuration 52
- Manual Configuration 52
- Dynamic Configuration 55
- Trap Receivers 58
- Managing System Files 59
- Saving Configuration Settings 60
- Section II: Switch Management 63
- Switch Management 64
- Using the Web Interface 65
- Home Page 66
- Configuration Options 67
- Panel Display 67
- Main Menu 68
- Configuring the Switch 70
- Displaying System Information 77
- Using DHCP/BOOTP 84
- Configuring an IPv6 Address 85
- Managing Firmware 97
- Basic Management Tasks 100
- Console Port Settings 102
- Telnet Settings 104
- Configuring Event Logging 105
- Remote Log Configuration 106
- Displaying Log Messages 108
- Renumbering the Stack 111
- Resetting the System 111
- Setting the System Clock 112
- Configuring SNTP 113
- Setting the Time Zone 114
- Configuring Summer Time 114
- Protocol 117
- Enabling the SNMP Agent 118
- Console(config)# 119
- Setting a Local Engine ID 122
- Specifying a Remote Engine ID 123
- Configuring SNMPv3 Users 123
- Configuring SNMPv3 Groups 128
- Setting SNMPv3 Views 132
- Configuring User Accounts 136
- User Authentication 137
- Configuring HTTPS 140
- Configuring the Secure Shell 143
- Generating the Host Key Pair 145
- Importing User Public Keys 147
- Configuring the SSH Server 149
- Configuring Port Security 151
- Displaying 802.1X Statistics 159
- Setting the ACL Name and Type 162
- Access Control Lists 163
- Console(config-std-acl)# 164
- Configuring a MAC ACL 167
- Console(config-mac-acl)# 168
- Figure 7-7 ACL Port Binding 172
- Chapter 8: Port Configuration 174
- Port Configuration 175
- Creating Trunk Groups 179
- Configuring LACP Parameters 183
- Displaying LACP Port Counters 186
- Configuring Port Mirroring 192
- Configuring Rate Limits 193
- Showing Port Statistics 195
- Setting Static Addresses 200
- Displaying the Address Table 201
- Changing the Aging Time 203
- Region R 205
- Displaying Global Settings 206
- Spanning Tree Algorithm 207
- Configuring Global Settings 209
- Displaying Interface Settings 213
- IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 226
- VA: VLAN Aware 227
- VU: VLAN Unaware 227
- VLAN Configuration 229
- Displaying Current VLANs 230
- Creating VLANs 231
- Enabling Private VLANs 244
- Configuring Protocol Groups 245
- Mapping Protocols to VLANs 246
- 65536, and 248
- 65536 248
- Transmission Interval 248
- Link Layer Discovery Protocol 249
- Displaying Device Statistics 258
- Chapter 13: Class of Service 262
- Class of Service 263
- Layer 2 Queue Settings 264
- Selecting the Queue Mode 266
- Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 268
- Mapping IP Precedence 269
- Mapping DSCP Priority 271
- Mapping IP Port Priority 272
- (see page 14-6) 274
- Configuring a Class Map 275
- Creating QoS Policies 277
- Quality of Service 279
- Multicast 282
- Multicast Filtering 283
- Enabling IGMP Immediate Leave 286
- Domain Name Service 293
- Displaying the DNS Cache 296
- Configuring the DHCP Server 299
- Configuring Address Pools 301
- Console(config-dhcp)# 303
- Displaying Address Bindings 306
- Master Router 308
- Backup Router 308
- Configuring VRRP Groups 309
- Configuring Router Redundancy 311
- Chapter 19: IP Routing 318
- IP Switching 319
- Routing Path Management 320
- Routing Protocols 321
- IP Routing 323
- Console(config-if)# 324
- Address Resolution Protocol 325
- Basic ARP Configuration 326
- Displaying Local ARP Entries 330
- Displaying ARP Statistics 331
- IP Statistics 333
- ICMP Statistics 334
- UDP Statistics 336
- TCP Statistics 337
- Configuring Static Routes 338
- Displaying the Routing Table 339
- Chapter 20: Unicast Routing 342
- Unicast Routing 343
- Autonomous System A 355
- Autonomous System B 355
- Configuring OSPF Areas 360
- NSSAs) 362
- Configuring OSPF Interfaces 366
- Configuring Virtual Links 370
- Configuring NSSA Settings 377
- Console(config-router)# 378
- Console# 382
- Command Line Interface 385
- Interface 386
- Entering Commands 388
- Showing Commands 389
- Partial Keyword Lookup 390
- Using Command History 390
- Understanding Command Modes 391
- Exec Commands 391
- Configuration Commands 392
- Command Line Processing 394
- Command Groups 395
- Chapter 22: General Commands 398
- General Commands 399
- Device Designation Commands 404
- System Management Commands 405
- System Status Commands 406
- Frame Size Commands 412
- File Management Commands 413
- Line Commands 420
- Event Logging Commands 429
- SMTP Alert Commands 435
- Time Commands 438
- Chapter 24: SNMP Commands 448
- SNMP Commands 449
- User Account Commands 464
- User Authentication Commands 465
- Authentication Sequence 467
- RADIUS Client 469
- TACACS+ Client 472
- Web Server Commands 474
- Telnet Server Commands 477
- Secure Shell Commands 478
- Port Security Commands 487
- 802.1X Port Authentication 489
- Management IP Filter Commands 498
- IPv4 ACLs 500
- Access Control List Commands 501
- IPv6 ACLs 506
- MAC ACLs 511
- ACL Information 515
- Interface Commands 519
- Link Aggregation Commands 531
- Command Function Mode Page 540
- Mirror Port Commands 541
- Rate Limit Commands 543
- Address Table Commands 545
- Chapter 32: LLDP Commands 548
- LLDP Commands 549
- refresh-interval 553
- 567
- Spanning Tree Commands 569
- Console(config-mstp)# 574
- Chapter 34: VLAN Commands 586
- VLAN Commands 587
- Editing VLAN Groups 590
- Configuring VLAN Interfaces 592
- Displaying VLAN Information 597
- Configuring Private VLANs 603
- Command Mode 608
- Privileged Exec 608
- Example 608
- Priority Commands (Layer 2) 610
- Class of Service Commands 611
- IP Precedence Value 01234567 618
- CoS Value 618
- 01234567 618
- Quality of Service Commands 625
- Console(config-pmap-c)# 628
- IGMP Snooping Commands 634
- Multicast Filtering Commands 635
- IGMP Query Commands 638
- Domain Name Service Commands 645
- Chapter 39: DHCP Commands 652
- DHCP Commands 653
- DHCP Relay 654
- DHCP Server 656
- Router Redundancy Commands 669
- Basic IP Configuration 678
- IP Interface Commands 679
- Global Routing Configuration 714
- IP Routing Commands 715
- , MD5, or none 730
- Console(config)#router ospf 732
- ip-address 733
- Field Description 764
- Section IV:Appendices 766
- Appendices 767
- Software Features 768
- Management Features 769
- Standards 769
- Management Information Bases 770
- Software Specifications 771
- Appendix B: Troubleshooting 772
- Using System Logs 773
- Glossary 774
- Glossary-8 781
- GTL-2690 789
- E112009/AP-R01 789
- 149100000053A 789
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